Three Predictions for 2023 - and what they mean for your portfolio

The world is never easy to predict.

  • In late 2018, no one really predicted that the world would slow down and the Fed would begin money printing in eight months.
  • In late 2019 no one saw Covid-19 as a serious threat, even if news from China was already worrying.
  • In late 2020, everyone was talking about how vaccinations would be the game changer. In fact, it was the Omicron variant. Meanwhile, no one saw inflation resurgent.
  • In late 2021 inflation was deemed transitory, because no one believed Russia would realise its threats.

Even more so these days, when worsening economic conditions push world leaders into making short-term decisions which seem to protect their electorates (or themselves), exacerbating the global macroeconomic backdrop. Russia’s war on Ukraine is the most obvious example. China’s insistence on Zero-Covid and its abrupt and largely unplanned U-turn is another. The United States’ persistence on ‘America First’ policies, whether in diplomacy, trade or central banking is probably one of the biggest drivers, if not the biggest, of global instability.

The confluence of a global cost-of-living crisis causing the end to a decade-long economic and financial paradigm, simmering geopolitical tensions, Chinese economic convulsions and US political ones is creating a world with increasingly uncertain outcomes.

So how is one to predict anything about the next year? Especially when the next big event, China’s rapid (?) post-Covid reopening, could have such unexpected consequences on global supply chains and inflation.

While we can’t make exact predictions, there are some calls which are higher conviction than others.

The economics Macroeconomic and market volatility are set to persist throughout 2023. This is not simply an extension of current conditions into the next year. For one, the pandemic upended 40-odd years of the Great Moderation, a period of macroeconomic stability.

A school of thought says that US inflation (the one that matters most to financial markets) may have peaked. However, the Chinese reopening could throw a spanner in the works and extend global inflation into its third year, possibly challenging (still-anchored) consumer inflation expectations. Markets are quite sanguine about the prospect of Chinese inflation pressures. Recent history after market reopenings suggests that they could be more cautious. Meanwhile, as pressures in the bond market are receding the systemic global financial system is proving resilient. This is good news, and by extension ‘bad’ news, as the Federal Reserve is now less incentivised to ‘pivot’ towards a more accommodative policy. Possibly extended inflation, further supply chain disruptions and a persistently (carefully avoiding the use of the word ‘stubbornly’) hawkish Fed paint a picture of continuing macroeconomic and market volatility.

Our base scenario is that the Fed will ‘pivot’ in an orderly fashion sometime in the first six months of 2022. This will include the US central bank maintaining tight conditions in order to shrink its own balance sheet and normalise the yield curve, but also signalling to private markets that it’s ok for them to start releasing their own stockpiles of liquidity.

Bonds, the most battered asset class in 2022 by its own historical standards are back on investors’ radars.

In this environment we expect the markets to eventually price in lower rates and the yield curve to move lower and steepen. While the long end tends to benefit more in terms of price from yield movements, higher yields on the shorter end and uncertainty over inflation make duration calls very difficult.

Investors should heed ‘long volatility’ conditions and be careful not to take substantial risks on either side (overweights or underweights). Instead, with yields returning to bonds, maintaining a diversified portfolio may prove the prudent move on a long-term basis.

The politics

The post-WWII World Order is an ‘order’ no more. The global landscape is shifting from cooperation to direct competition, even as internal political environments turn more acerbic by the day. America, the world’s consumer, is no longer sharing growth with its allies. President Biden did little to dismantle the ‘America First’ trade policies popular with his predecessor. China, the world’s manufacturer, is steered towards a more inward-looking decision-making process by a possibly life-long leader. Russia, the world’s producer of raw materials and Europe’s purveyor of Energy, has effectively gone rogue after invading Ukraine. Europe, meanwhile, continues to be plagued by chronic indecision, internal strife and the consequences of an unfinished monetary union.

The consequences of broken geopolitics may not be as short-term, and thus visible, as the consequences of volatile economies, but they can cause much deeper problems. Companies will have to re-design their supply chains. Yet when business leaders turn to their country leaders for guidance as to who the ‘friends’ are, the responses they get are vague. The only sure ‘friend’ is the internal producer, the only point in which the Left and the Right tend to agree.

This is bad news for global trade and subsequent inflation trends. Basic Game Theory suggests that when cooperation stops, there are no winners. Officials elected in the age of social media outcry will probably think differently. In terms of portfolio management, the trend clearly favours larger capitalisation companies, which may find it easier to redesign their supply chains and have a presence global enough to juggle individual government pressures. Smaller and mid-cap companies may find it more difficult to compete in this environment.

The conversations we should -and might yet- have

If this writer could ask Santa for one gift, it would be the return of normal conversation. Forums, where all opinions could be discussed in the open without ideological criticism and the dangers of a social media lynching. The world seems to have a surplus of emotion, but a severe shortage of the type of cool discussion that might sway policymaking towards statecraft and the general long-term good.

Brexit

I am thus somewhat positively surprised that Brexit begins to come more into the conversation, as Britain sees itself falling behind other developed nations in terms of growth while fighting a tight jobs market and possibly lingering inflation. To discuss backtracking would probably be a mistake. Though it won’t admit as much, Europe never welcomed a big EU country outside the common currency with veto powers on integration, and would never contemplate a return to the previous status quo. The discussion should instead centre around future relations with a huge market on Britain’s doorstep. Investors with exposure to British assets should welcome the discussion, as a necessary first step before the return of international investors.

Global debt The strong Dollar, higher rates and inflation have somewhat curbed global debt issuance. However, at $290bn and 355% Total-Debt-to-GDP, a rising rate environment is a ticking time bomb. There aren’t any great solutions. Debtors and Creditors will face each other soon enough, and healthy discussions ahead of heated arguments should lay the groundwork for solutions rather than acrimony. Investors should pay very close attention to discussions, and possibly hold lower-duration debt instruments as they happen.

Central Banks

Small groups of unelected officials with the power to create and destroy wealth, accelerate and crush growth should be under constant scrutiny. The time is coming soon to discuss their ‘independent’ mandates, how realistic their present inflation targets are, the limits to their decision making and the grounds for international cooperation. These discussions should not remain technical, as they usually are, but should make sure to take into account growing pressures from low-growth-fatigued electorates. The repercussions for portfolio holders will be immense since it was that independence which assured high asset returns for more than fourteen years. Yet freely accommodative policies have reached their limits, and without a renewed mandate from the powers that be central banks could well hinder the transition into a new paradigm.

EU – US – still good? It was French warships which ensured American Independence. And when American soldiers set foot in Normandy, they repaid their debt. The WWII order was forged 78 years ago. Only a few hundred thousand people today remember what the alliance between the US and the EU was all about. Instead, accusations on European nations skimping on their NATO contributions, or European complaints over US imperiousness and war profiting are painting a picture of two allies who are not that close anymore. Britain is stuck in the middle, of less use to Americans as a gateway to Europe and antagonistic towards its closest trading partners. On the surface things are good. But the sands of Normandy have run dry. Relations between the EU and the US need a more modern foundation, and the discussion is already delayed.

David Baker – CIO