In the past four weeks, the S&P 500 has quietly rallied 15% and is now 10% shy of its all-time highs. For the most part, this is due to the market’s belief that US inflation is at or near its peak and should begin to come down going forward. A slightly better-than-expected earnings season is helpful too.


Not all rallies are created equal. The summer often offers low-volume equity rallies, which may be reversed in September-October, traditionally some of the lowest-return months. Also, bear markets often offer rallies within a downward trend.


One part of the market insists that what we are seeing is a ‘bear market’ rally. Fundamentals, such as tepid earnings, low consumer confidence and rising systemic risks don’t support equity valuations above their 10-year average.
The other part, that conditioned by the Fed, focuses on Jay Powell’s latest statement about interest rates near ‘neutral’, and the very slow reduction of the Fed’s balance sheet as signs that the Fed is still a dove and on the side of markets. If investors follow that line of reasoning, quantitative easing could be on the cards just when inflation begins to subside.
So once again, the debate is about fundamentals versus the Fed.


The thing about bear market rallies, is that no one can confidently name one except in hindsight. Loose monetary conditions are as fundamental as great earnings. Historically, even more so.


In other words, while earnings expectations are far from great, and ‘recession’ is very real for many earnings cohorts, markets may still rally on the back of expectations for future monetary accommodation.
Instead of arguing about why the market has been rising over the past four weeks, we would point to our ‘neutral’ weighting in equities, despite the sharp volatility. The reason behind it, was that while runaway inflation is definitely bad for bonds, historically it has been kinder to equities. Also, we believe that markets are still subject to sharp policy reversals, like the one we saw in January.


Those policy reversals could be painful for portfolios with steep overweights and underweights on a particular asset class. In an environment of such uncertainty, portfolio managers and holders should be very careful not to tilt their asset balance too much towards one asset or against another, lest they find themselves exposed to another U-turn by central banks.

George Lagarias – Chief Economist