Weekly Market Update: Was it a good idea for the BoE to surprise markets? Probably not.

Market Update

Equities in most major markets posted gains last week with global stocks up +3.3% in Sterling terms, amid continued strong investor sentiment. US stocks were up +2.0% on the back of positive earnings surprises, a dovish Fed meeting and strong employment data. EU stocks were up +3.2%, with the ECB insisting that rates will stay low for the near future. UK stocks were up +1.0% as the BoE unexpectedly kept interest rates unchanged, which caused Sterling to fall -1.4% against the US Dollar. Globally, consumer discretionary and IT were the best performing sectors while financials and healthcare were the worst performing. The US 10Y Treasury yield was down 10.6bps finishing the week at 1.455%, while the UK 10Y yield was down 19.0bps reaching 0.845%. In US Dollar terms gold was up +3.4%, while oil was down -1.3% to $81.2 per barrel.

CIO Analysis

Following the global financial crisis, central banks have undertaken the role of supporting, sometimes single-handedly, the economic recovery. Effective communication and transparency have been vital in this endeavour succeeding. Rates themselves, mostly stuck at zero, have been less critical than central bank communications, which have focused on succinct short term accommodation and undue optimism about long term rates, to keep yield curves as steep as possible. For the short end of the curve, any changes have been communicated a good six months in advance, which was especially critical in a post-GFC environment where investors have become shock-averse. A growing amount of bibliography supports the conclusion that the central banks’ ability to print money in large quantities to stabilise the financial system without triggering inflation, the key feature behind financial market performance for over a decade, is underpinned by the effectiveness of their communication. 

Last week the Bank of England surprised markets by keeping interest rates stable, with a large majority 7-2.This followed roughly three weeks of surprisingly hawkish statements by the most senior members of the Monetary Policy Committee, the Bank’s rate-setting body. They had triggered a sharp rise in expectations that November would feature the third UK interest rate rise in fourteen years.

The reason why the British central bank chose to be hawkish, almost a year ahead of its peers in the US and Europe is unclear. The reasons why it backtracked, even more so. Certainly, the intention to hike has been met with criticism as premature, especially after the government announced a budget that would raise taxes for consumers. However, in terms of numbers, little changed in the last three weeks. Inflation remains high and the latest employment figures didn’t show the return of people to work after the furlough scheme ended, which could have eased some wage pressures. If anything, the Office of Budgetary Responsibility was more bullish on growth for 2021 and 2022.

So why the U-turn? It is possible that MPC members wanted to ‘talk’ rates up, i.e. prepare consumers for future hikes and constrain demand, without actually removing liquidity from markets, as former BoE Governor Mervyn King had suggested. Or that the Bank wanted to re-introduce the element of surprise to the markets, to avoid market pressures ahead of future rate hikes which usually end up annulling such decisions. Or simply, the Committee had second thoughts.

Whatever the case, the BoE clearly bucked a thirteen-year-old trend of communicating rate hikes well in advance during the last month.

The Bank went from a debatable policy mistake, prematurely hiking rates, to a certain one, surprising markets. To be clear, the policy mistake lies not in raising interest rates to 0.25% or not. It lies in the failure to accurately and timely communicate the intentions Bank’s intentions to markets and investors, especially when the whole of the post-Brexit UK is viewed as an economy in flux.

Are there repercussions? Institutional investors could become more apprehensive and choose other markets where rates are more predictable. This could impact support in Pound Sterling assets, stocks, bonds and cash holdings. In the worst case, protracted inability or unwillingness to communicate clearly, could significantly damage the Bank’s credibility and thus its ability to effectively support the British economy.

We don’t believe international investors will give up on the UK after this. The country’s track record and G7-economy-status will probably redeem decision-makers in Threadneedle St. But, after blindsiding markets like that, the Bank can ill-afford any other surprises in the near future.  

Meanwhile, UK stocks remain undervalued versus their international peers by most measures. Global investors, including ourselves, have become more favourable towards them on the grounds of valuation. While our conviction remains, primarily due to sound fundamentals in the FTSE 100, last week’s decision could deter some foreign investors and extend the timeline before the valuation gap between UK large caps and the rest of the world closes.

David Baker, CIO